In a Guru Sannidhyan during the occasion of Chaitra Shib Gajon at RURU Bhairav Temple in Kankalitala Birbhum, Avdhut throws light on the Yaksha.
Yaksha Idol
Yogananda: What is Yaksha? If you tell us the details about this
Avdhut: The world is a treasure trove of myths, legends, and folklore, where beings of divine or supernatural origin often occupy prominent roles. Among these entities, the Yakshas stand out as enigmatic and multifaceted figures, deeply rooted in the cultural tapestry of various societies, particularly in South and Southeast Asia. With their origins dating back to ancient times, Yakshas have captivated the imagination of people for centuries, embodying a rich blend of spiritual significance, artistic representation, and historical interpretation.
In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the essence of Yakshas, tracing their evolution across different civilizations, examining their roles in religious contexts, exploring their manifestations in art and literature, and deciphering their enduring relevance in contemporary society. From their ancient roots to their modern interpretations, Yakshas remains a compelling subject of study, offering insights into the complex interplay between mythology, religion, and cultural identity.
Origins and Evolution:
To understand the concept of Yakshas, it is essential to delve into their origins and trace their evolution through the annals of history. The term "Yaksha" finds its roots in ancient Indian literature, particularly in the Vedas and the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata, where they are portrayed as semi-divine beings associated with nature, fertility, and prosperity. In early Vedic texts, Yakshas were revered as guardians of the earth and treasures, often depicted as benevolent spirits offering protection and abundance to those who honored them.
In Indian culture, Yakshas are categorised as "Upadevta". There are 24 types of "Upadevtas". Like Apsara and Vidyadhar, Yaksha and Yakshini, "Gandharva and Gandharvi", "Kinnar and Kinnari", etc. They are not even Demigods. Their nature is Rajsik, the Rajsik word comes from the word Rajas. There are three Gunas, Satvik, Rajsik and Tamsik.
As Indian civilization evolved, so did the depiction and interpretation of Yakshas. In the Buddhist and Jain traditions, Yakshas took on more complex roles, embodying both positive and negative attributes. In Buddhism, they are sometimes depicted as wrathful deities or guardians of sacred sites, while in Jainism, they are associated with supernatural beings who test the faith and resolve of spiritual aspirants.
In Varanasi, one of the Siddha Tantric Arun Sharma told me about this that he has a Yaksha, and he is utilising this Yaksha for his knowledge and Jyotish or Astrology Purpose. Every full moon night the Yaksha used come to him for providing necessary information as he required. There are few occult sadhana i.e. some mystical practices for supernatural power done by sadhaks who don't have their own capability to acquire wisdom. They are using this type of Rajas or Rajsik Sadhna and captivating experience by utilising this upadevta.
Yakshas Beyond India:
While Yakshas have their origins in Indian mythology, their influence transcended geographical boundaries, spreading across South and Southeast Asia through trade, migration, and cultural exchange. In countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, and Indonesia, Yakshas found their place in local folklore, adapting to new cultural contexts while retaining their essential characteristics.
In Sri Lankan folklore, for instance, Yakshas are known as "Yakshayas" or "Rakshasas," often portrayed as malevolent spirits or demons lurking in the wilderness. However, they are also associated with protection and guardianship, with some tales depicting them as benevolent beings who safeguard sacred sites and natural resources.
Similarly, in Thai mythology, Yakshas are known as "Yak" or "Yaksha," where they are depicted as powerful guardian spirits often depicted in temple art and architecture. These representations reflect a synthesis of Indian, Khmer, and indigenous Thai traditions, highlighting the diverse cultural influences that shaped the concept of Yakshas in the region.
Roles and Attributes:
The roles and attributes attributed to Yakshas vary widely across different religious and cultural contexts. In Hinduism, they are often associated with Kubera, the god of wealth, and are believed to preside over hidden treasures and underground riches. Yakshas are also associated with fertility and abundance, with rituals and prayers dedicated to them to invoke prosperity and protection.
In Buddhist traditions, Yakshas are depicted as powerful but often unpredictable beings, capable of both benevolent and malevolent actions. They are sometimes portrayed as guardians of sacred sites, tasked with protecting the Dharma and ensuring the safety of pilgrims and practitioners. However, they can also serve as obstacles on the path to enlightenment, testing the resolve and devotion of spiritual seekers.
In art and literature, Yakshas are depicted in various forms, ranging from fearsome warriors to benevolent guardians and playful tricksters. They are often portrayed in sculptures, reliefs, and paintings adorning temples, caves, and sacred sites across Asia, reflecting their enduring significance in religious and cultural iconography.
Contemporary Significance:
Despite the passage of time and the changes wrought by modernity, the concept of Yakshas continues to resonate with people in South and Southeast Asia. In rural areas, where traditional beliefs and practices endure, Yakshas are still venerated as guardians of the land, protectors of communities, and bestowers of prosperity.
Moreover, Yakshas have also found their way into popular culture, where they are often depicted in literature, films, and television shows as colorful and intriguing characters. From epic fantasy novels to blockbuster movies, Yakshas serve as inspiration for storytellers, offering a rich tapestry of myths and legends to explore.
The Yakshas represent a fascinating aspect of South and Southeast Asian mythology, embodying a rich tapestry of spiritual significance, cultural symbolism, and artistic expression. From their ancient origins in Indian literature to their diverse manifestations across different civilizations, Yakshas continue to captivate the imagination of people around the world, offering insights into the complexities of human beliefs, aspirations, and fears.
As guardians of nature and folklore, Yakshas reminds us of the enduring connections between humanity and the natural world, the mysteries that lie beyond our understanding, and the timeless quest for meaning and transcendence. Whether portrayed as benevolent spirits or fearsome demons, Yakshas occupy a unique place in the pantheon of mythical beings, inviting us to explore the depths of our imagination and the boundless possibilities of the human spirit.
